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1994-05-02
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<text>
<title>
Bulgarian Official Interviewed on Balkan Situation
</title>
<article>
<hdr>
Foreign Broadcast Information Service, February 26, 1992
Bulgaria: President Zhelev Interviewed on Balkan Situation
</hdr>
<body>
<p>[Interview with President Zhelyu Zhelev by N. Marakis in Sofia;
date not given: "Zhelyu Zhelev Declares 'The Borders Are
Inviolable'". Athens TO VIMA TIS KIRIAKIS in Greek 2 Feb 92 p
A17]
</p>
<p> [Text] Sofia, Feb--The chill in relations between Athens
and Sofia is evidenced in what Bulgarian President Zhelyu Zhelev
said in answer to questions put to him by TO VIMA. The mild
terms he used do not conceal dissatisfaction shown by Sofia over
Greek policy in the Balkans.
</p>
<p> Mr. Zhelev considers the recognition of Skopje's
independence by his country as a "consequence of a consistent
position of principles" and he expressed the conviction that
other countries of Europe will recognize Macedonia and the other
republics of the former Yugoslavia. Indeed, he insists that
"this fact constitutes a stabilizing act for the situation in
the region."
</p>
<p> These positions evidently constitute a change in the
decades-long view held by Bulgaria that there is neither a
"Macedonian nation" nor "a united Macedonian people."
</p>
<p> The Bulgarian president does not consider relations between
his country and Greece prior to and after the overthrow of the
Zhivkov regime comparable. His basic position is that no "basic
contrariety" exists between Athens and Sofia at the present
time. At the same time, he most emphatically rejected "any
historical and nationalistic claims for revising existing
borders," claims which he considered the "product of a crude and
dangerously stupid policy." He also asserted that Bulgaria is
interested in peace and stability in the region and is
resolutely opposed to attempts to resolve existing conflicts
through the force of arms.
</p>
<p> The three last elements comprise a platform that permits the
continuation of a dialogue between Athens and Sofia.
</p>
<p> The following is a full text of the interview:
</p>
<p> [Marakis] How do you evaluate the current state of relations
between Greece and Bulgaria? To what do you attribute the scene
of public recriminations that became evident last month? Do you
feel that there is some latitude for improvement in relations?
If yes, in what way?
</p>
<p> [Zhelev] I feel that bilateral relations between Bulgaria
and Greece are at a level that cannot be compared with the
preceding period when there was a totalitarian regime in
Bulgaria and when Bulgaria was a member of the Warsaw Pact.
Presently, the Republic of Bulgaria shares all the basic
principles and values of European democracy, and it is
altogether natural that two democratic countries such as
Bulgaria and Greece should develop their relations on the same
political basis. Democracy constitutes the foundation for
genuine cooperation and friendship between Bulgaria and Greece.
Perhaps the fact is not fortuitous that the first agreement that
the new Bulgaria signed with a neighboring country was with
Greece itself. For that reason I feel no basic contrariety
exists in the relation between our two countries.
</p>
<p> [Marakis] Your country has been criticized by circles in
Skopje (even publicly with published articles in NOVA
MAKEDONIA) for wanting to change the borders to its own benefit
or even absorbing the Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. There is
also talk in your country of return to the provisions of the
Agreement of St. Stefan. Do you believe that Bulgaria is
presently wronged by the border outlines in the Balkans? Do you
feel that some modification of the borders is needed?
</p>
<p> [Zhelev] Bulgaria has repeatedly stated that it does not
want to profit from difficulties experienced by Yugoslavia as
a result of the crisis evolving there. Moreover, not only have
we expressed this, but we really have shown it. In its foreign
policy Bulgaria adheres to the rules of international law, the
provisions of the Charter of Paris, and the principle of the
free and democratic self-determination of peoples.
</p>
<p> As for its neighbors, Bulgaria categorically defends the
inviolability of borders and nonintervention in internal
affairs. For that reason I consider that such allegations are
groundless and harmful to the atmosphere of stability in the
Balkans. The present borders are a reality and all of us must
conform to them. Any historical and nationalistic claims for a
revision of existing borders are the product of a crude and
dangerously stupid policy.
</p>
<p> [Marakis] How do you explain the general uneasiness your
country expresses over relations between Athens and Belgrade?
Do you feel that the creation of a "Small Yugoslavia" goes
contrary to the interests of Bulgaria?
</p>
<p> [Zhelev] The fate of the republics west of our borders is
the work and choice of their people. As to how the people will
determine relationships among them is their own problem. We
only desire that this be accomplished in a peaceful manner
without the use of military force but through the means of
political dialogue and in the spirit of the principles of a
united Europe. Bulgaria will agree to any decision that does not
contradict all of that. If there can be talk about "our own
interest" then that is our own interest.
</p>
<p> [Marakis] Do you feel that developments in the Balkans
constitute a threat to the security of Bulgaria? If yes, in
what way? How do you propose confronting it?
</p>
<p> [Zhelev] As a country that is in the center of the Balkans
it is natural that what is happening in our region cannot but
affect our security also. We are interested that peace and
stability prevail in the region. For that reason we are
resolutely opposed to attempts to resolve conflicts through the
force of arms. Even in the war in Croatia, noncombatant
Bulgarian civilians were killed. God forbid...if such a conflict
should flare up on our own borders, that would undoubtedly
destabilize the situation, would cause problems with refugees,
and would create unforeseen consequences. For that reason the
best thing is to avert the existing danger through a peaceful
policy of principles that Bulgaria is now following. We believe
in the correct logic of our Balkan neighbors.
</p>
<p> [Marakis] How does the support given by the Turkish minority
to your election as president of the Republic, as well as the
support given by the Freedoms and Rights Movement to the SDS
[Union of Democratic Forces] government, of which you are the
historic leader, influence your position and policy?
</p>
<p> [Zhelev] The support of the Bulgarian Turks in the election
makes me an even greater faithful supporter of the position
that our country's problems can be resolved only through the
path of democracy and equality of all the citizens in the face
of the law. This also concerns the support given to the SDS
government by the Freedoms and Rights Movement.
</p>
<p> [Marakis] On your initiative, Bulgaria was the first country
that recognized the self-proclaimed Republic of Macedonia. What
were the reasons for such a hasty action on your part? Do you
believe that it will contribute to stabilization of the region?
</p>
<p> [Zhelev] In my opinion, this act of mine was not a hasty one
but is the logical consequence of a consistent position of
principles that Bulgaria has manifested since last summer on
the occasion of the events taking place in Yugoslavia. The
people of the Republic of Macedonia, freely and democratically
through a referendum, expressed their desire for independence,
a principle on which, as I said, our foreign policy is based.
Besides that, the European Community Arbitration Committee
confirmed in its report that the Republic of Macedonia satisfies
the conditions of the community for being recognized as an
independent nation. The logic of developments in Europe
convinces us that other nations of our continent will also,
within the shortest period of time, recognize Macedonia